One of the key factors in achieving a high band score in the IELTS Writing and Speaking tests is the ability to use complex sentence structures accurately.

However, many students struggle with constructing these sentences without making errors. Here’s how you can master complex sentences to enhance your grammatical range and accuracy.

Understanding Complex Sentences:

A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

The independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence, while the dependent clause cannot.

For example, "Although it was raining, we went for a walk." The phrase "Although it was raining" is a dependent clause that adds meaning to the independent clause "we went for a walk."

Types of Dependent Clauses: There are three main types:

1. Adjective Clauses: These describe a noun and usually begin with relative pronouns like who, which, or that. Example: "The book that you gave me is fascinating."
2. Adverb Clauses: These provide information about time, reason, condition and start with subordinating conjunctions like because, although, if, when. Example: "I will call you when I arrive."
3. Noun Clauses: These function as a noun within the sentence and often start with that, what, or how. Example: "I believe that he is honest."

Avoiding Common Errors:

1. Not using conjunctions to link clauses: Ensure that your complex sentences are not simply run-on sentences. Use appropriate conjunctions to link clauses.

2. Misplaced Clauses: Place the dependent clause correctly to avoid confusion.

Incorrect: "The man who was late for the meeting apologized."

Correct: "The man apologized who was late for the meeting."

3. Punctuation Errors: Use commas correctly with dependent clauses. Generally, if the dependent clause comes first, it should be followed by a comma. Example: "Because she studied hard, she passed the exam."

I hope some of these tips help you out. Take the classes for more practice in speaking and discover where you are likely to run into errors during practice.